William patois  buchan



(N0 Model.)

W. P. BUGHAN.

SLEPHON WATER TRAP.

No. 326,713. Patented sept. 22, 1885.

N. FETERS Phumulhegmphnr, wnmingmn. D. C4

UNITE raras VILLIAM PATON BUOHAN, OF GLASGOV, COUNTY OF LANARK, SCOTLAND.

SIPHON WATER-TRAP.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 326.713, dated September 22, 1885,

Application filed December 18, 1883. (No model.) Patented in England April 23, 1875, No.1,499.

To all whom, it may concern.'

Be it known that I, WILLIAM PATON BUOHAN, a citizen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, residing at Glasgow, in the county of Lanark, Scotland, have invented Improvements in Siphon Vater- Traps, (for which I have received Letters Patent in Great Britain, bearing date the 23d day of April, 1875, No. 1,4995) and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear7 and exact description of the invention, which will enable others skilled in the manufacture to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention has reference to improvements in siphon water-traps used in trapping the water-closet soil-pipes and the waste-water pipes leading or dipping into the drains of houses or other buildings, and which traps are also to be used on the drains themselves, and in conjunction with or on main or side sewers; and the objects of the improvements are, rst, to construct Ventilating and disconnecting Siphon-traps with a perpendicular or square drop at the exit from the branch connected to the lsoil or Waste-water pipe or drain to cause in .use a sinking action on the soil floating in the house side of the trap, whereby it is carried away more quickly than with traps otherwise constructed, and, second, through the formation of the trap to more easily and thoroughly ventilate the soil,waste water, and drain pipes and sewers, and the better to prevent the formation, accumulation,

or concentration of foul air or gases in them.

On the appended drawings, Figure l is a vertical section, and Fig. 2 a plan, of a ventilating siphon trap with perpendicular. or square drop as constructed in accordance with one modication of my said invention, the said trap being made in cast-iron or other metal, metal being suitable forthe smaller sizes of, say, six vinches-in diameterand under. Fig. 3 is a vertical section ofthe trap as constructed in iireclay or earthenware, in which materials the trap is preferably made in all sizes from four inches and upward in diameter or width. Fig. 4. is a vertical section of a modification, in whichthe air or Ventilating branch,instead of being formed on the trap itself, is made on a length of the soil, waste-water, or drain pipe.

formed above the pool or well O, the edge or lip e of the opening of the branch into the vertical part of the trap being formed square,

`so as to give a perpendicular drop of a few inches from the lower part of the opening to the level of the water in the trap, the inlet part C and outlet part D of the trap being separated or trapped off from each other by the tongue E. The advantages derived from this square or perpendicular drop, as distinguished from a rounded or gradual drop, are that, owing to the clear fall or cascade action which the water flowing from the soil, waste-water, or drain pipe gets over the sharp edge e, the accumulation of oating soil which so often takes place with other traps on the inner surface, C,of the water is by this invention prevented,and instead of the rush 4of water down the drain-pipe merely running away under the floating soil the said rush breaks up the iioating soil and carries it quickly away in the current underneath the dipping tongue E, and thence to the sewer, and in this it is greatly assisted by the force derived from the fall over the sharp edge of the vertical drop e. Fig. l0-of the drawings shows a modification of this arrangement,in which the square orsharp edge of the sewagebranch, instead of being vertical with the side of the trap, is carried toward the center, as indicated at e', for the purpose of directing .the flow into the center of the trap. For traps the wells of which are about six inches and under in diameter this projecting edge e would be useless; but for larger sizes it may sometimes be useful,where the volume of water or sewage running in is generally small.

In the trap, Figs. l and 2, the air for ventilating the drain-pipe to which the branch A IOO is connected passes in at F, and thence up the drainA in the direction of the arrow-that is to say, inthe contrary direction to the sewagecurrent-a plate or disk being inserted so as to rest on a bead or flange at G to deiiect the air-current.

The upper end, F, of the trap is made With a facet, into or on which is or may be tted a section or length of pipe, as at L, Fig. 4, so.

that when the trap is in its place it has an inlet-chamber of any desired length above it. This chamber is fitted with an air-grating at top, asat H, Fig. 4; or the air to ventilatc the drain may be otherwise admitted, as hereinafter more particularly explained. A disk, I, of wire gauze or netting is or may also be placed in the facet F, to prevent the entrance of stonesl or other obstructive matter or ofrats or other vermin into the trap, and the upper and lower partsvof the said trap may be made separate and joined together at the facet J; or the said joint may be dispensed with,and the whole trap made in one piece.

Fig. 3 is a vertical section of my improved Ventilating Siphon-trap as constructed in one piece of earthenware, iire-clay, or analogous material, A being the branch, with sharp, square, or vertical edge e, to which the soil, Waste-Water, or drain pipe is connected; and- F, the air-inlet branch. When the grating ,at

the upper end of the said branch, besides being used for the admission of air, is employed for the drainage of surface-Water into the trap and thence to the sewer, an extra facet may be cast thereon, as indicated in dotted lines at F', for joining the pipe or chamber above the trap into and making it Water-tight. This arrangement also allows a wider pipe or chamber to be used above the trap, if desired; and as a further means of allowing a Wider pipe or chamber to be employed, and of affording access to the head of a workman for the purpose of cleaning out the trap and of looking along the drain, the air-inlet F, especially in sizes under nine inches in diameter, may be widenedor enlarged, as indicated at Figs. 7, 8, and19y of the drawings. The enlargement may be circular, oval, elliptical, or of other desired.v shape `in plan, and may be projected either towardv the sewer side of the trap, as at Figs. 7 and 8, or toward the drain, as at Fig. 9, in whichvcase the sewagebranch A is somewhat longerthan in theother arrangements.

The trap, Fig. 3, is shown provided with a sole or seat, M, which may, however, when desired, be dispensed with; and as a further means of affording access for cleaning out the trap it may be provided on the outer or sewer side with another access-opening, N, Figs. 7, 8, 9,10, 12,4 and 13, closed by a lid or cover, which may either be in the position OLFig. 12, or at or near the ground-level, and of round, oval, elliptical, or other form in plan. rIhisv opening is also equally applicable to thetraps shown at Figs. 1, 2, and 4, and, besidesserving as an access-opening, the said branch `ing providedwith. a lid or cover, w.

N may be utilized to ventilate the part of the drain beyond the trap, andy also insome cases the sewer, in which case, preferably, a length of pipe, O', Fig. 8, is inserted in or rests on the facet ofV the branch N, the said length of pipe being formed or provided with abranch, O2, to which a pipe is connected, and led up the side of the house or building to above the roof thereof, and through which the gases or foul air from the part of the drain beyond the trap or from the sewer escape or pass outward; or, instead of passing up the side of the house, the pipe from the branch O2 may have any other convenient situation.

As shown in dotted lines at Fig.8,the upper end of the branch O may be terminated by a at plate or cover, O3, of metal, recessedeinto- Fig. 14 shows another mode of terminating lthe upper end ofthe branch Of, Fig. 8; in, A,which case an iron frame or box resting-on,I

brick-work or on,a stone or refclay slab is placed over the branch Of, the said frame be- The frame, Fig. 14, may also be usedi-n conjunction with thebranch F, in which case the cover x may be a grating. l

The traps, Figs. 7, 8, and. 9, may in some The upper part of the trap, Fig. 3, embracing the air and sewage inlets, may be madeV in a separatepiece from` the remainder, and joined thereto by a facet-joint, as at P, Figs. Sand. 12, and the sewage-inlet A, in lieu of being in the position shown, may bein or about the position shown at A', Figs. 8, 9, 10, 12, and 13, or in any other desired. position; or eX- tra sewage or air inlets may be made at the said position, in .which latter case, and when the trap is made in two.V pieces, the upper part may be turned round at pleasure, so. as the more readily to connect with both sewage and air pipes.`

In` the arrangement Fig. 4 of the drawings` the air-inlet to the drain, instead of beingl through the branch Fof the trap,I as herein-- before described, is through a separate cham-V IOO v circumstances be terminated at the dotted` line IIO ber, H, connected to a branch, Q, formed on one lengthof the drain-pipe. This arrange- Vment' may be used in some cases as an extra precaution against the freezing of the water in the trap.

The well or chamber H may be placed any desired distance back from the trap, and it is covered with a grating, H, for the inlet of the air, while the well or chamber L above the branch F ofthe trap is covered with a close lid, S, which may be hinged, if desired.

Fig. 5 shows the improved Ventilating siphon-trap inconjunction with a cesspool., In this case the trap is constructed and fitted in any of the modes hereinbefore described, excepting that its outlet end, in lien of being connect-ed to the sewer, discharges into the close cesspool T, which is surmounted by a portable or removable stone or cover, U, for allowing it to be emptied and cleaned out, when desired. The arrows a indicate the direction of the air-current and the arrows?) that of the sewage; and to prevent the accumulation of any foul air-within the tank or cesspool Tex` ercising a pressure on the water in the trap, and. so lowering its level on the outlet side and permitting the escape and passage back into the house-drain of such foul air or gas, I introduce awire cage, V, or its equivalent, either in the position shown-that is to say, above the center ofthe cesspool-or at one side and apart from the stone or coverU, to allow of the free escape of such foul air through the grating V', with which the cage is covered. The cage is filled with charcoal or other puriier to purify and disinfect the air before it is discharged. In this case, to deect the air# current up the drain from the surface of the water in the well of the trap, so as the better to prevent freezing, a plate, c, hung on chains, or otherwise suspended or held, is shown employed, which plate or the plate G, Fig. l, may also be used for the like purposes in conjunction with any of'the other traps described, if desired.

The slop-stone or iire-clay block e, Fig. 5, is shown adapted to act as a drain for the surface-water into the trap, for which purpose it is dished and formed with a projection downward into the upper end of the well, for the purpose of preventing such leakage at that point as would cause soakage ofthe ground around, as is so common with ordinary slopstones which have not this bottom projection. The grating cl on top of the stone may be made of metal and movable.

In all the improved traps the side of the air-inlet immediately above the sewage-branch A is rounded or beveled, so as the better to direct the air-current up the said branch.

An advantage of the arrangement of my improved ventilating siphon water-trap is the small surface of water exposed in the inner side of the trap or well, which not only allows the soil to be washed away more readily, as hcreinbefore explained, but also affords less surface for evaporation or for the exhalation of any noxious gases.

Fig. 6 ofthe drawings shows my improved ventilatingtrap in conjunction with part ofa house-drain or soil-pipe, f, and part of the drain g, and also illustrates various modes of admitting fresh air to or Ventilating the house-drain or soil-pipe through the trap differing from those hereinbefore described. In all of the modes shown on the said figure the ripper end ofthe well h is covered by a close or solid plate, t', and under one mode of admitting the air a pipe, j, is conducted from a branch, k, in the side of the well upward inside the wall of the house or building and through the roof, where it may be surmounted with an inlet-ventilator, Z, or be merely terminated open, or protected with a cowl, cover, or grating, to preventtheingress of foreign matter to the pipe.

Under another mode the air-inlet pipe may be conducted upward a short distance at the inside of the wall of the house or building, and then passed to the outside and conducted up to the ridge of the roof, as indicatedin dotted lines atj'.

These two arrangements, and especially the tirst, enable the air to be heated before pass ing into the trap, thereby in cold weather lessening the risk of freezing the water; and as a further means of heating the air before entering the trap a chamber may be made at m, surrounding the pipe j, in which gas may be burned, or into which hot water, steam, or heated air may be conducted and circulated.

Under another arrangement the air, instead of passing down from above the roof of the house or building, may pass into the trap through a box in the side of the wall, as indicated in dotted lines at a. In this case the front of the box consists of a grating, at the interior of which is a hanging valve opening inward, and which, in the event of a back current, closes against the grating.

The right-hand side of Fig. 17 of the drawings illustrates what may be called an isolation7 or sectional system ofhouse-drainage, in which the drains and soil-pipes are trapped by my improved Ventilating-traps at the positions marked T, and a special pipe, T2, is connected to the drains at a point outside of or beyond the point at which the soil, wastewater, and rain pipes are connected. The special pipe T2 ventilates the drain in connection with the main trap T3.

The pipes used in connection with the application of the invention should be coated inside with red lead, tar, or equivalent protective substance or composition, to prevent rust or corrosion, especially when iron pipes are used.

Having now described my said invention, what I desire to secure by Letters Patent isl. In a siphon water-trap for disconnecting orizontally f arranged sewers, drains, soil,

aste-water, and rain pipes, the vertical or IIO square drop e for the liquid or soil, sub- In testimony whereof I, the said WILLIAM; stantially as and for the purposes described; PATON BUGHAN, have hereunto set my hand 1o 2. In a Siphon Water-trap for Ventilating and seal this 3d day of December, 1883.

and disconnecting horizontally-arranged seW- f WILLIAM PA'ION BUGHAN. [1.. s.] ers, drains, soil, waste-Water, and rain pipes, Witnesses: the combination of the vertical or square drop JOHN BURNS,

e and the Ventilating-branch F, substantially i VVILLrAM HANSEN,

Both of 135 Buchanan St., Glasgow.

as described. 

